Table of consonants
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The following tables show all the consonants listed by the International Phonetic Alphabet. The first table contains consonants articulated in the front part of the mouth, and the second table contains consonants articulated in the back part of the mouth. The places of articulation are listed on top, and the manners of articulation on the left side. Where consonants occur in pairs, the consonant on the left represents a voiceless articulation and the consonant on the right represents a voiced articulation.
Affricates are not included in the table, since they are generally composed of symbols in the table. Phonologically they do function as single consonants in many languages.
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Labial-palatal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | b | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | t | d | {{IPA | {{IPA | ||||
| Implosive | ɓ̥ | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | * | |||||||||
| Ejective | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | ʈʼ | ||||||||||
| Nasal | m̥ | m | ɱ̊ | {{IPA | n̪̊ | {{IPA | n̥ | n | ɳ̊ | {{IPA | ||||
| Trill | {{IPA | r̥ | r | * | ||||||||||
| Tap or Flap | * | * | {{IPA | {{IPA | ||||||||||
| Lateral flap | {{IPA | * | ||||||||||||
| Fricative | {{IPA | β | f | v | {{IPA | {{IPA | s | z | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | ||
| Lateral fricative | {{IPA | {{IPA | * | |||||||||||
| Ejective fricative | {{IPA | ʃ’ | ||||||||||||
| Ejective lateral fricative | ɬ’ | |||||||||||||
| Percussive | {{IPA | {{IPA | ||||||||||||
| Approximant | β̞̊ | {{IPA | ʋ̥ | {{IPA | {{IPA | ɹ̥ | {{IPA | ɻ̊ | {{IPA | ɥ̊ | {{IPA | |||
| Lateral approximant | l̥ | l | {{IPA | |||||||||||
| Click consonant | {{IPA | {{IPA | ({{IPA) | {{IPA / {{IPA | ||||||||||
| Lateral click | * | {{IPA | ||||||||||||
| Alveolo-palatal | Palatal | Labial-velar | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | Glottal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | {{IPA | {{IPA | c | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | k | g | q | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | ||||
| Implosive | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | |||||||||||||
| Ejective | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | |||||||||||||
| Nasal | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | |||||||||||
| Trill | {{IPA | * | ||||||||||||||
| Tap or Flap | * | |||||||||||||||
| Lateral flap | * | * | ||||||||||||||
| Fricative | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | ||
| Approximant | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | ||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | {{IPA | {{IPA | {{IPA | |||||||||||||
Other consonants:
See also
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