Tagalog language/Swadesh list
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This is a Swadesh list of 207 words in English and Tagalog (to be completed). The Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist Morris Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language. Various versions have been created, in particular:
- a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
- a reduced 100 words version.
The reader with knowledge of the Tagalog language is invited to fill in the missing entries, or to correct or expand the entries where necessary.
List
| No. | English | Tagalog |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | ako |
| 2 | you (singular) | ikaw, ka; kayo (formal) |
| 3 | he | siya |
| 4 | we | tayo (inclusive), kami (exclusive) |
| 5 | you (plural) | kayo |
| 6 | they | sila |
| 7 | this | ito |
| 8 | that | iyan (far from speaker but close to person spoken to); iyon (far from both speaker and person spoken to) |
| 9 | here | dito |
| 10 | there | diyan (far from speaker but close to person spoken to); doon (far from both speaker and person spoken to) |
| 11 | who | sino (interrogative) |
| 12 | what | ano (interrogative) |
| 13 | where | saan, nasaan (interrogative) |
| 14 | when | kailan (interrogative) |
| 15 | how | paano (interrogative) |
| 16 | not | hindi |
| 17 | all | lahat |
| 18 | many | marami |
| 19 | some | ilan, iilan |
| 20 | few | kaunti |
| 21 | other | iba |
| 22 | one | isa |
| 23 | two | dalawa |
| 24 | three | tatlo |
| 25 | four | apat |
| 26 | five | lima |
| 27 | big | malaki |
| 28 | long | mahaba |
| 29 | wide | malapad |
| 30 | thick | makapal |
| 31 | heavy | mabigat |
| 32 | small | maliit, munti |
| 33 | short | maikli |
| 34 | narrow | makitid |
| 35 | thin | manipis |
| 36 | woman | babae |
| 37 | man (adult male) | lalaki |
| 38 | man (human being) | tao |
| 39 | child | anak, bata |
| 40 | wife | asawa |
| 41 | husband | asawa |
| 42 | mother | ina, nanay |
| 43 | father | ama, tatay |
| 44 | animal | hayop |
| 45 | fish | isda |
| 46 | bird | ibon |
| 47 | dog | aso |
| 48 | louse | kuto |
| 49 | snake | ahas |
| 50 | worm | uod, bulati |
| 51 | tree | puno, punung-kahoy |
| 52 | forest | gubat |
| 53 | stick | patpat |
| 54 | fruit | prutas, bungang-kahoy |
| 55 | seed | binhi |
| 56 | leaf | dahon |
| 57 | root | ugat |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | balat |
| 59 | flower | bulaklak |
| 60 | grass | damo |
| 61 | rope | lubid |
| 62 | skin | balat |
| 63 | meat | karne, laman |
| 64 | blood | dugo |
| 65 | bone | buto |
| 66 | fat (noun) | taba |
| 67 | egg | itlog |
| 68 | horn | sungay |
| 69 | tail | buntot |
| 70 | feather | balahibo |
| 71 | hair | buhok |
| 72 | head | ulo |
| 73 | ear | tenga, tainga |
| 74 | eye | mata |
| 75 | nose | ilong |
| 76 | mouth | bibig |
| 77 | tooth | ngipin |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | dila |
| 79 | fingernail | kuko |
| 80 | foot | paa |
| 81 | leg | binti |
| 82 | knee | tuhod |
| 83 | hand | kamay |
| 84 | wing | pakpak |
| 85 | belly | tiyan |
| 86 | guts | bituka |
| 87 | neck | leeg |
| 88 | back | likod |
| 89 | breast | suso |
| 90 | heart | puso |
| 91 | liver | atay |
| 92 | to drink | uminom, inumin |
| 93 | to eat | kumain, kainin |
| 94 | to bite | kagatin |
| 95 | to suck | sumipsip, sipsipin |
| 96 | to spit | dumura |
| 97 | to vomit | sumuka |
| 98 | to blow | umihip |
| 99 | to breathe | huminga |
| 100 | to laugh | tumawa |
| 101 | to see | makita |
| 102 | to hear | makinig, dinggin |
| 103 | to know | umalam, alamin |
| 104 | to think | mag-isip, isipin |
| 105 | to smell | amoyin |
| 106 | to fear | takot (noun) |
| 107 | to sleep | matulog |
| 108 | to live | mabuhay |
| 109 | to die | mamatay |
| 110 | to kill | pumatay, patayin |
| 111 | to fight | lumaban |
| 112 | to hunt | mangaso |
| 113 | to hit | tamaan, tumbukin |
| 114 | to cut | putulin |
| 115 | to split | magbiyak, biyakin |
| 116 | to stab | manaksak, saksakin |
| 117 | to scratch | kamutin |
| 118 | to dig | maghukay, hukayin |
| 119 | to swim | lumangoy, languyin |
| 120 | to fly | lumipad, liparin |
| 121 | to walk | maglakad, lumakad |
| 122 | to come | dumating, datingan/datnan |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | humiga |
| 124 | to sit | umupo (state) |
| 125 | to stand | tumayo (state) |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | lumiko |
| 127 | to fall | bumagsak |
| 128 | to give | magbigay, ibigay |
| 129 | to hold | humawak, hawakan |
| 130 | to squeeze | pisilin |
| 131 | to rub | magkuskos, kuskusin |
| 132 | to wash | maghugas, hugasan |
| 133 | to wipe | magpunas, punasan |
| 134 | to pull | bumatak, batakin, humila, hilahin |
| 135 | to push | magtulak, itulak |
| 136 | to throw | maghagis, ihagis |
| 137 | to tie | magtali, itali |
| 138 | to sew | tahiin |
| 139 | to count | bumilang |
| 140 | to say | sabihin |
| 141 | to sing | umawit, awitin |
| 142 | to play | maglaro, laruin |
| 143 | to float | lumutang |
| 144 | to flow | umagos, iagos |
| 145 | to freeze | maging yelo |
| 146 | to swell | mamaga |
| 147 | sun | araw |
| 148 | moon | buwan |
| 149 | star | bituin |
| 150 | water | tubig |
| 151 | rain | ulan |
| 152 | river | ilog |
| 153 | lake | lawa |
| 154 | sea | dagat |
| 155 | salt | asin |
| 156 | stone | bato |
| 157 | sand | buhangin |
| 158 | dust | alikabok |
| 159 | earth | lupa |
| 160 | cloud | ulap |
| 161 | fog | ulap na hamog |
| 162 | sky | langit |
| 163 | wind | hangin |
| 164 | snow | niyebe |
| 165 | ice | yelo |
| 166 | smoke | aso, usok |
| 167 | fire | apoy |
| 168 | ash | abo |
| 169 | to burn | magsunog, masunog, sunugin |
| 170 | road | daan, kalsada, lansangan |
| 171 | mountain | bundok |
| 172 | red | pula |
| 173 | green | luntian, berde |
| 174 | yellow | dilaw |
| 175 | white | puti |
| 176 | black | itim |
| 177 | night | gabi |
| 178 | day | araw |
| 179 | year | taon |
| 180 | warm | mainit |
| 181 | cold | malamig |
| 182 | full | puno |
| 183 | new | bago |
| 184 | old | luma (non-living things), matanda (living things) |
| 185 | good | mabuti |
| 186 | bad | masama |
| 187 | rotten | bulok |
| 188 | dirty | marumi |
| 189 | straight | tuwid |
| 190 | round | bilog |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | matalim |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | pudpod |
| 193 | smooth | makinis |
| 194 | wet | basa |
| 195 | dry | tuyo |
| 196 | correct | tama, tumpak |
| 197 | near | malapit |
| 198 | far | malayo |
| 199 | right | kanan |
| 200 | left | kaliwa |
| 201 | at | sa |
| 202 | in | sa |
| 203 | with | kasama |
| 204 | and | at |
| 205 | if | kung |
| 206 | because | dahil |
| 207 | name | pangalan |
- Orthography :
See also
Bibliography
- Parlons tagalog (Marina Pottier), L'Harmattan, Paris 1999 - ISBN 2-7384-7835-2
- Les langages de l'humanité (Michel Malherbe), Robert Laffont, Paris 1995 - ISBN 2-221-05947-6
External links
- [Multilanguage dictionary]
- [Downloadable Tagalog-French / French-Tagalog dictionary (Freelang)]
- [Tagalog-English / English-Tagalog dictionary (Bansa.org)]
- [Tagalog dictionary (Webster's Online Dictionary)]
- [Tagalog-English / English-Tagalog dictionary (Foreignword.com)]
- [[wikt:Swadesh lists for Malayo-Polynesian languages|Wiktionary : Swadesh lists for Malayo-Polynesian languages]]
- [[wikt:Appendix:Swadesh list|Wiktionary : Swadesh list]]
- [[wikt:tl:unang Pahina|Tagalog Wiktionary]] (Tagalog)
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| The list may also include : (t) the transcription in latin characters, (p) the phonetic transcription |
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