Tamworth Manifesto
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The Tamworth Manifesto was a political manifesto issued by Sir Robert Peel in 1834 in Tamworth, which is widely credited by historians as having laid down the principles upon which the modern British Conservative Party is based.
In November 1834 King William IV removed the Whig Prime Minister Lord Melbourne and asked the Duke of Wellington to form a ministry. Wellington was reluctant and recommended that the King choose Peel.
Perhaps due to Wellington's endorsement, Peel intended from the start, as the historian S.J Lee tells, "to fully convince the country and electorate that there was a substanstial difference between his brand of conservatism and that of his predecessor and 'old tory' Wellington."
With that in mind, on the 18th of December, the Tamworth Manifesto was published by the press and read around the country. Like many other manifestos in nineteenth-century British politics it was formally an address to the electors of the leader's own constituency, but reproduced widely. Ironically Tamworth had no contest in 1834 as Peel was the only candidate and he was elected unopposed.
Peel's Aims dictated in the Tamworth Manifesto
The main aim of the manifesto was to appeal to the electorate in the new Parliament.
- Peel accepted that the Reform Act of 1832 was "a final and irrevocable settlement of a great constitutional question".
- He promised that the Conservatives would undertake a "careful review of institutions, civil and ecclesiastical".
- Where there was a case for change, he promised "the correction of proved abuses and the redress of real grievances".
- Peel offered to look at the question of church reform in order to preserve the "true interests of the Established religion".
- Peel's basic message, therefore, was that the Conservatives "would reform to survive" (with reference to Norman Gash's biography of Peel).
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