The range is composed largely of sandstone. Erosion in the area has resulted in nearly 300 natural rock arches being formed, along with many other spectacular landforms.
Because of the altitude and the water-holding properties of the sandstone, the vegetation is somewhat richer than the surrounding desert; it includes a very scattered woodland of the endangeredendemic species Saharan Cypress and Saharan Myrtle in the higher eastern half of the range. The range is also noted for its prehistoricrock paintings and other ancient archaeological sites, dating from glacial times when the local climate was much moister, with savannah rather than desert.