Temple name

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Temple name
Chinese Name
Hanyu Pinyin	miào hào
Cantone se IPA	mɪʊ2həʊ3
Cantones e Jyutping	miu2hou3
Traditional Chinese	廟號
Simplified Chinese	庙号
Korean Name
Revised Romanization	Myoho
McCune-Reischauer	Myoho
Hangul	묘호
Hanja	廟號
Vietnamese Name
Quốc Ngữ	Miếu hiệu

Temple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean (Goryeo and Joseon periods), and Vietnamese (such dynasties as Tran, Anterior Lê and Nguyen Dynasty) royalty. Should not be confused with Era name. Compared to posthumous names, the use of temple names is more exclusive. Both titles were given after death to an emperor or king, but unlike the elaborate posthumous name, a temple name always consists of only two characters:

an adjective: chosen to reflect the circumstances of the emperor's reign (such as "Martial" or "Lamentable"). The vocabulary overlap with that of posthumous titles' adjectives, but for one emperor, the temple name's adjective character usually does not repeat as one of the many adjective characters in his posthumous name. The usual exception is "Filial". The founders are almost always either "High" (高) or "Grand" (太).
"emperor": either zǔ (祖) or zōng (宗).
* Zu ("forefather") implies a progenitor, either a founder of a dynasty or a new line within an existing one. The equivalent in Korean is jo (조), and tổ in Vietnamese
* Zong ("ancestor") is used in all other rulers. It is jong (종) in Korean, and tông in Vietnamese.

The name "temple" refers to the "grand temple" (太廟), also called "great temple" (大廟) or "ancestral temple" (祖廟), where crown princes and other royalties gathered to worship their ancestors. On the ancestral tablets in the grand temple, it is the ruler's temple names that are written there.

Temple names were assigned sporadically since the Han Dynasty and regularly only since the Tang Dynasty. Some Han emperors even had their temple names permanently removed by their descendents in 190. It is the usual way to refer to the emperors from the Tang Dynasty up to (but not including) the Ming Dynasty. For the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty (from 1368), era names were used instead.

In Korea, temple names are used to refer to kings of the early Goryeo (until 1274), and kings and emperors of the Joseon Dynasty. For the Korean Empire (1897-1910), era names should be used, but the temple names are often used instead.

Temple name

See also