Timeline of Republic of Turkey

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History of Republic of Turkey Series
War of Independence | Single Party Period | Multi-Party Period | Timeline | Atatürk

History of Republic of Turkey Series
War of Independence \| Single Party Period \| Multi-Party Period \| Timeline \| Atatürk

Contents

1916: The Sykes-Picot Agreement between the United Kingdom and France is signed, dividing the Ottoman Empire between several states, both independent (e.g. Armenia and Kurdistan) and subject to such European nations as the UK, Italy, France, Imperial Russia and *Greece. According to this treaty, a small territory around Ankara was all that was to be left for the Turks. This treaty is not recognized by the Ottoman state.
On June 22 of 1919 Amasya Circular
9 September 1919: Anadolu ve Rumeli Müdafaa-i Hukuk-i Milliye Cemiyeti (Association for Defense of Rights of Anatolia and Trochia) is founded in Erzurum by Mustafa Kemal Pasha, with nationalists, opposing of Young Turks
On 28 January 1920, Ottoman Parliament adopted the Misak-I Milli (National Pact) which rejects foreign occupation of Turkish homeland.
On 15 March 1920, Allied troops occupy Istanbul. Ottoman members of the parliament are arrested and sent to Malta.
April 23, 1920: The first meeting of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey was held in Ankara. The monarchy and government of Sultan Mehmed VI is denounced and a temporary constitution is affirmed.
August 10, 1920: The Treaty of Sèvres is signed between the Entente and the Sultan. It is not recognized by Mustafa Kemal.
On July 23, Erzurum Congress was assembled. Mustafa Kemal was elected as the Chairman of the Congress.
On September 4, Sivas Congress was assembled. Nationalist organizations were united under Association of the Defence of the Rights of Anatolia and Rumelia;
On 10 August 1920, Ottoman administration signed the Treaty of Sevres.
On January 12, 1921, The first battle (Birinci İnönü),
On January 20, 1921: The first Turkish Constitution is approved by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, establishing the state of Turkey.
On 9 September 1922, Turkish army to Izmir.
October 29: Mustafa Kemal declares the Republic of Turkey and becomes the president of it.
On October 11 1922, Mudanya Armistice was signed;
On October 15, Greeks started to evacuate Eastern Thrace.
On 1 November 1922, Ottoman sultanate was abolished.
On November 18, TBMM elected Abdülmecid Efendi as the caliph (not the sultan).
On November 1, 1922: The sultanate is abolished.
On July 24, 1923: The Treaty of Lausanne is signed, giving Turkey its current borders, except the province of Hatay.
On 17 February 1923, Izmir Economics Congress was held.
On July 10, Fener Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Church Meletios fled to Greece.
On 24 July 1923, Peace Treaty of Lausanne was signed;

The wearing of the turban and the fez, a traditional Ottoman hat, is outlawed. 1925
All people are required to adopt family names. Mustafa Kemal himself is given the name Atatürk (Father Turk) and all others are banned from using this name.
Imams are now appointed by the government. 1924
Call to prayer had to be held in Turkish instead of Arabic. 1940
Sufi-Orders were banned. 1925
On 29 October 1923, the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed.
On 29 October 1923, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) was elected as the first President of the Republic of Turkey with secret vote and unanimously.
On October 30, First cabinet of the Republic of Turkey was formed o by Ismet Inönü.
On 3 March 1924, Ottoman caliphate was abolished by Turkish Grand National Assembly.
On 3 March 1924, Union of Education (Tevhid-i Tedrisat) Law was passed,
On 3 March 1924, Ministry of Religious Affairs and all religious schools were abolished.
On April 8, religious courts were abolished and replaced with Civil Courts.
On April 20, new Turkish constitution was accepted.
On 26 August 1924, Türkiye Is Bankasi was established.
On November 17 1924, The second political party of Turkey, Progressive Republican Party was formed.
On 11-15 February 1925, Seyh Sait rebellion started in eastern provinces.
On February 25, a law separating religion from politics is accepted and passed from TBMM.
On May 5, an Armenian called Manok Manukyan was executed in Ankara for planning an assassination to Mustafa Kemal.
On June 3, Progressive Republican Party was closed and abolished due to exploiting religion for political purposes.
On June 29, Seyh Sait and his 46 gangsters were sentenced to death by Diyarbakir
On August 27, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) came to Kastamonu to initiate the Hat Revolution.
On September 1, the first Turkish Medical Congress was assembled.
On September 4, Turkish women entered a beauty contest for the first time.
On October 1, Atatürk opened Bursa textile factory.
On November 5, Ankara Law School (then Ankara University Faculty of Law) was opened.
On November 25, "Hat Law" was issued, and all religious dressings were abolished.
On December 26, the law for the usage of international calendar was passed, abolishing the lunar calendar.
On 17 February 1926, Turkish Civil Code based on the Swiss Civil Code was accepted. Civil rights to women, prohibiting polygamy.
On 1 March 1926, Turkish Criminal Code based on the Italian Criminal Code.
On March 17 1926, the law for establishing the Iron industry (Nationalization) was passed.
On March 24, the law for petroleum research and operation (Nationalization) was passed.
On 7 March 1927, extraordinary Independence Tribunals were abolished.
On 15 October 1927, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk started his "Nutuk" speech and ended on October 20.
On 15 October 1927, The second nationwide congress of the Republican People's Party,
On October 28 1927, the first population census. approximately 13.5 million.
On December 25 1927, first Turkish woman lawyer Sureyya Agaoglu began her duty.
On 10 April 1928, the article "The official religion of Turkey is Islam" was removed from the constitution.
On May 19, the law for establishing an engineering school was accepted.
On 1 November 1928, new Turkish alphabet based on the Latin alphabet was accepted.
On 13 May 1929, Trade Law was accepted by TBMM.
On 1 September 1929, Arabic and Persian courses were abolished replaced by Turkish-only language courses.
On April 3, new municipal law enabling women to enter municipal elections both as voters and candidates was accepted.
On April 29, first Turkish woman judges were appointed.

On 11 June 1930, Turkish Republic Central Bank law was accepted.
On August 12, Free Republican Party, the third party of the republic was established.
17 November 1930 Radical religious groups captured the party, and the party leader Fethi Okyar decided to close
On October 27 1930, Greek prime minister Venizelos visited Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Ankara.
On December 30 1930, radical religious fascists rebelled against the Republic, and the modern republican teacher Kubilay was killed by the rebels.
On 16 March 1931, the first Turkish woman surgeon Dr. Suat received her specialty, after passing her tests.
On March 26, the Measurements Law was accepted, abolishing the former Arabic length and weight measurement units and replacing them with the metric system (kilogram, meter instead of okka, endaze, etc.)
On 20 April 1931, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk stated his historical saying "Peace at home, peace in the world!"
On July 25, new Press Law was accepted.
On 18 July 1932, Turkey became a member of the League of Nations.
On 31 July 1932, Turkish woman Keriman Halis became the World Beauty Queen in the contest in Belgium.
On November 13, Dr. Müfide Kazim became the first Turkish woman government physician;
on December 12, Adile Ayda became the first Turkish woman civil servant in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
On 7 February 1933, the first Turkish prayers in mosques began in Istanbul
On 31 May 1933, the 480-year-old Darülfünun was abolished, and converted into Istanbul University.
On June 1933, Sümerbank and Halkbank were established.
On October 26, Turkish women were granted the right to vote and be elected to Village Councils.
On November 18, Istanbul University was opened.
On December 1, the first 5-year development plan was accepted;
On 21 June 1934, Surname Law was accepted, abolishing the former titles of Bey, Efendi, Pasa, Sultan, Hanim
On November 24, Mustafa Kemal Pasha take surname as Ataturk.
On November 26. On November 24, Hagia Sofia mosque, was converted to Ayasofya (Hagia Sofia) Museum.
On 5 December 1934, Turkish women were granted the right to vote and be elected in Turkish parliamentary elections; and afterwards in the first elections, 18 women were elected to the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
On 29 May 1936, Turkish flag law determining the size and ratios of the star and crescent in the Turkish flag was accepted.
On June 8, Labor Law was accepted; the first step towards the Turkish Social Security System.
On 27 January 1937, Hatay's independence was accepted by the League of Nations in its Geneva meeting.
On 9 June 1937, the law for establishing a Medical Faculty in Ankara was accepted.
On September 20 1937, Atatürk opened the first art gallery in his residence Dolmabahce Palace.
On October 9 1937, Atatürk opened the Nazilli Printed Cloth Fabric Factory
On 10 November 1938, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk closed his eyes to the materialistic life.
November 10, 1938 The founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk dies. He is succeeded by Ismet Inönü, a former general who leads Turkey until the first democratic elections in 1950.
July 7, 1939 Province of Hatay joins Turkey.

1939 - 1945 Turkey stays neutral for the most part of World War II, however at the end of WWII Turkey declares war against Germany.
Between 25 June 1950 and 27 July 1953, Turkey was a part of the joint UN operation against North Korea during the Korean war.
In 1950 Turkey became a strategic NATO country against Soviet influence.
Since the 1950's, Turkey hosted the USAF at the Incirlik Air Base as a deterrent against the Soviet Union.

September 6-September 7, 1955 The Istanbul Pogrom started the process of driving many Greeks and Christians from Turkey.
April 27-28, 1961 Jupiter missile crisis: Turkey hosted American Jupiter missiles (nuclear) for an undisclosed period until the Cuban Missile Crisis, when the U.S. agreed to remove her nuclear missiles from Turkey in exchange for the Soviet Union removing her missiles from Cuba.
On May 27, 1960, the 1960 Coup d'Etat (1. Darbe) took place due to the level of influence the Islamists had gained in the nation. This clashed with the "separation of religion and state/government" which was one of the results of the clash between Inonu's republican party and his opponents, president Celal Bayar and prime minister Adnan Menderes, both former republican party members. Prime minister Adnan Menderes was held responsible and was executed with two of his ministers.
In October 1965, military rule dissolved back into civilian, the political system was reestablished, and a new constitution was drafted that reaffirmed the "separation of religion and state/government".
On March 12, 1971, military officials intervened, instead of taking over the government, forced an advisory committee due to the increasing anarchical situation caused by the Right (fascist/capitalist) - Left (communist) clash and ineffective policies in maintaining order. Although the military were not in charge they had significant influence.
In 1974, Turkey invaded Cyprus in response to a Greek backed coup of the island.

On September 12, 1980, the 1980 Coup d'Etat (2. Darbe) took place. Martial law were almost immediately established and 25% of the military (about 475,000) were mobilised to settle the resistance to the coup.
On November 6, 1983, military rule dissolved and removed itself from the political scene after the reestablishment of a new 1982 Constitution.
Since the ending of the 1991 Persian Gulf War, Incirlik Air Base enforced the Northern no-fly zone of Iraq.
Between 24 March and 10 June 1999, Turkey was a part of the joint NATO operation, 1999 Kosovo War, in the Balkans to end a civil war in the region that used to be Yugoslavia.
Between June 2002 and February 2003, Turkey assumed command of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan.
On December 17, 2004, the European Union (EU) agrees to begin negotiations on the eventual accession of Turkey.
On February 14, 2005, Turkey assumed command of the ISAF in Afghanistan for a second time.
On October 3, 2005, the European Union (EU) started accession talks with Turkey. The talks did not start at the desired time due to arguments about Turkey's future membership.

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