Transliteration of Greek to the Latin Alphabet

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This table lists several transcription schemes from the Greek alphabet to the Latin alphabet.

Greek	Traditional	Scientific	Beta code	BGN/PCGN	UN/ELOT	Greeklish
	Classical Greek			Modern Greek
α	a	a	A	a	a	a
β	b	b	B	v	v	b,v
γ	g	g	G	g, y1	g	g,y
δ	d	d	D	dh, d2	d	d,dh
ε	e	e	E	e	e	e
ζ	z	z, zd	Z	z	z	z,s
η	e	ē	H	i	i	h,i,n
θ	th	th	Q	th	th	th,8,0,9,u
ι	i	i	I	i	i	i
κ	c	k	K	k	k	k,c
λ	l	l	L	l	l	l
μ	m	m	M	m	m	m
ν	n	n	N	n	n	n,v
ξ	x	x	C	x	x	ks, 3, x
ο	o	o	O	o	o	o
π	p	p	P	p	p	p,n
ρ	r, rh3	r, rh3	R	r	r	r,p
σ ς	s	s	S	s4	s	s,6
τ	t	t	T	t	t	t,7
υ	y	u	U	i	y	y,u,i
φ	ph	ph	F	f	f	f,ph
χ	ch	ch	X	kh	ch	ch,x,h
ψ	ps	ps	Y	ps	ps	ps,y
ω	o	ō	W	o	o	w,o
Vowel combinations11
αι	ae, e	ai	AI	e	ai	ai,e
αυ	au	au	AU	av	av5, af6	ay,au,af,av
ει	i	ei	EI	i	ei	ei,i
ευ	eu	eu	EU	ev	ev5, ef6	ey,eu,ef,ev
ηυ	eu	ēu	HU	iv	iv5, if6	hy,hu,if,iv
οι	oe, e	oi	OI	i	oi	oi,i
ου	u	ou	OU	u	ou	ou,u,oy
υι	ui	ui	UI	i	yi	yi,gi,i
Consonant combinations
γγ	ng	ng	GG	ng	ng	gg,gk,ng
γξ	nx	nx	GC	nx	nx	gks,gx
γκ	nc	nk	GK	g7, ng8	gk	gk
γχ	nch	nch	GX	nkh	nch	nx,nch
μπ	mp	mp	MP	b7, mb8	b7, mp8	mp,b,mb
ντ	nt	nt	NT	d7, nd8	nt	nt,d,nd
Modifiers (only classical Greek)
	h9	h9	(	(spiritus asper)
	none	none	)	(spiritus lenis)
	i?	i?	|	(iota subscript)10
Obsolete letters
	w		V
	q		#3
	st		#2
	s, ś		#711
	ss		#5

Notes:

1. before αι, ε, ει, η, ι, οι, υ, υι.
2. between ν and ρ.
3. with spiritus asper.
4. sometimes doubled between vowels (ex. Larissa).
5. before β, γ, δ, ζ, λ, μ, ν, ρ and vowels.
6. before θ, κ, ξ, π, σ, τ, φ, χ, ψ and at the end of a word.
7. at the beginning of a word.
8. in the middle of a word.
9. on vowel: h before the vowel; on ρ: rh.
10. under long vowels.
11. except when there is a diaeresis ( ¨ ) on the second vowel

Diacritics

Ancient Greek was a polytonic language. Through the ages, the tone system has been simplified, leaving most of the diacritics (including spiritus asper and spiritus lenis) meaningless. In 1982, monotonic orthography was officially introduced for modern Greek. The only diacritics that remain are the acute accent (indicating stress) and the diaeresis (indicating that two consecutive vowels should not be combined). The acute accent and the diaeresis are kept in both the BGN/PCGN and the UN/ELOT romanization systems. There is one exception: in the vowel combinations αυ, ευ and ηυ the accent moves from the υ (that becomes v or f) to the preceding vowel.

See also

• Beta code
• Classical compound
• English words of Greek origin
• List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names for help with Greek-derived scientific names of organisms
• List of Greek words with English derivatives

References

• [Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts], a collection of writing systems and transliteration tables, by Thomas T. Pederson. Includes PDF reference charts for many languages’ transliteration systems.
• The [Working Group on Romanization Systems] of the United Nations.
• [Transliteration chart] of the Library of Congress.

 

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