Transport engineering
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Transport engineering (alternatively transportation engineering) aims to ensure the safe and efficient movement of people and goods (transport). It is a sub-discipline of civil engineering.
The planning aspects of transportation engineering relate to urban planning, and involve technical forecasting decisions and more difficult political factors. Technical forecasting of passenger travel usually involves what is called a four-step urban transportation planning model, requiring the estimation of trip generation (how many trips for what purpose), trip distribution (destination choice, where are you going), mode choice (what mode is being taken), and route assignment (which streets or routes are being used). More sophisticated forecasting can include other aspects of traveller decisions, including auto ownership, trip chaining (the decision to link individual trips together in a tour) and the choice of residential or business location (known as land use forecasting).
The design aspects of transportation engineering include the sizing of transportation facilities (how many lanes or how much capacity the facility has), determining the materials and thickness used in pavement, designing the geometry (vertical and horizontal alignment) of the roadway (or track).
Operations and management involve traffic engineering, so that vehicles move smoothly on the road or track. Older techniques include signs, signals, and markings. Newer technologies involve Intelligent Transportation Systems, including Advanced Traveler Information Systems, such as variable message signs, and Advanced Traffic Control Systems, such as ramp meters. Human factors are an important aspect of transport engineering, particularly concerning driver-vehicle interface and user interface of road signs, signals, and markings.
Transportation engineering concerns many modes of transportation. Locating and designing airports, seaports, canals, shipping ways, roadways, as well as all planning and design for mass transit (bus, subway, and commuter rail) and bicycle facilities are the responsibilities of transportation engineers.
See also
- Pavement engineering
- Highway engineering
- Utility cycling
- Bicycle transportation engineering
- Space syntax (Pedestrian and vehicular analysis using similar techniques to standard transportation engineering)
- Transportation planning
- All-four
- Traffic engineering
External links
- http://www.ite.org Institute of Transportation Engineers, a professional society for transportation engineers
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