Treaty of Simulambuco
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The Treaty of Simulambuco was signed in 1885, by representatives of the Portuguese government, and officials in the N'Goyo Kingdom. The agreement was drafted and signed in response to the Treaty of Berlin, which was an agreement between the colonizing European powers about how to divide up Africa, and who would get what pieces. The Portuguese, not wanting to miss out on the Scramble for Africa, began to colonize deeper than the trading ports it controlled on the African coast. As opposed to violent struggles between the Portuguese and the native people in Mozambique, the colonization of Cabinda was peaceful. Cabinda was incorporated into the Portuguese Empire separately from larger southern neighbor Angola, even though, at the time, the two were separated merely by the Congo River. When Leopold II of Belgium desired a path to the Atlantic ocean for his Congo Free State, Portugal granted it to them out of Angolan land, and then the Angola and Cabinda didn't border each other whatsoever. In 2005, Cabindans celebrated the 120th anniversary of the treaty, too the annoyance of Angolan officials, who view the treaty as counter to their claim of the exclave.
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