Tuchola
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Tuchola (German: Tuchel) is a town (population 13,976 in 2004) in Pomerania, northern Poland in the center of Tuchola forests, about 50 km north of Bydgoszcz. The town belongs to the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship. It is the capital of Tuchola County.
History
First mentioned in 1287, Tuchola received its city rights in 1346.
Russian POW
Near the town a POW camp was established by the German Empire during World War I. After the retreat of the Germans it passed to Poland in January 1920 and became known as camp no. 7. It existed until 1923. At this time it housed mainly soldiers and cossacks of the Imperial Russian Army.
Since autumn of 1920 thousands of captured Red Army men have been placed in the camp of Тuchol. These POWs lived in trenches. Famine, cold and infectious diseases killed tens prisoners daily. In the winter 1920/1921 POWs had a death rate of about 25% which was attributed to malnutrition, poor sanitary conditions, lack of fuel and medicines and physical maltreatment by the polish supervisors.
«From the moment of opening an infirmary in February, 1921 till May, 11, 1921 there was registered epidemic diseases 6491, not epidemic 12294, 2561 deaths» («Red Army POWs in the Polish POW camps 1919-1922», p. 671).
Lieutenant colonel I. Matuszewski, the head of the II department of the Polish Joint Staff, informed the military minister of Poland in the letter on February, 1, 1922, that 22 thousand of POWs were lost in the camp of Tuchol in all time of its existence. («Red Army POWs...», p. 671)
Education
- Higher School of Environmental Management (Polish: )
Famous people
- Tadeusz Zwiefka - popular TV journalist, and a PO's Member of European Parliament.
Source
- Waldemar Rezmer, Zbigniew Karpus, Gennadij Matvejev, "Krasnoarmieitsy v polskom plenu v 1919–1922 g. Sbornik dokumentov i materialov" («Red Army POWs in the Polish POW camps 1919-1922»), Federal Agency for Russian Archives, Moscow 2004
External links
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