University of Oxford Botanic Garden
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The Queen of Hearts and Alice in the Garden, the waterlily house in the background
University of Oxford Botanic Garden, the oldest botanic garden in Great Britain, and the third oldest scientific garden in the world, was founded in 1621 as a physic garden growing plants for medicinal research. Today it contains over 8,000 different plant species on 4 1/2 acres (18,000 m²). It is one of the most diverse yet compact collections of plants in the world and includes representatives from over 90% of the higher plant families.
In 1621, Sir Henry Danvers, the First Earl of Danby, contributed £5,000 (equivalent to £683,000 in 2002)Lawrence H. Officer, ["How Much is That Worth Today?: Comparing the Purchasing Power of Money in Great Britain from 1264 to 2002"], Economic History Services, 2004, accessed March 15, 2006. to set up a physic garden for "the glorification of the works of God and for the furtherance of learning." He chose a site on the banks of the River Cherwell at the northeast corner of Christ Church Meadow, belonging to Magdalen College. Part of the land had been the Jewish burial ground until the Jews were expelled from Oxford (and the rest of England) in 1290.
The Garden was the site of frequent visits in the 1860s by Oxford mathematics professor Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (pen name Lewis Carroll) and the Liddell children, Alice and her sisters. Like many of the places and people of Oxford, it was a source of inspiration for Carroll's stories in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The Garden's waterlily house can be seen in the background of Sir John Tenniel's illustration of "The Queen's Croquet-Ground".
Another Oxford professor and author, J. R. R. Tolkien, often spent his time at the Garden reposing under his favourite tree, Pinus nigra. The enormous Austrian pine is much like the Ents of his Lord of the Rings trilogy, the walking, talking tree-people of Middle-earth.
In the Evelyn Waugh novel Brideshead Revisited, Lord Sebastian Flyte takes Charles Ryder "to see the ivy" soon after they first meet. As he says, "Oh, Charles, what a lot you have to learn! There's a beautiful arch there and more different kinds of ivy than I knew existed. I don't know where I should be without the Botanical gardens." (Chapter One) The Garden is also prominently involved in Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials fictional trilogy.
The Garden is comprised of three sections: 1) the Walled Garden, surrounded by the original seventeenth century stonework and home to the Garden's oldest tree, an English yew, Taxus baccata; 2) the Glasshouses, which allow the cultivation of plants needing protection from the extremes of British weather; and 3) the area outside the walled area between the Walled Garden and the River Cherwell. A satellite garden, Harcourt Arboretum, is located six miles south of Oxford.
Walled Garden
- Botanical family beds
The core collection of hardy plants are grouped in long, narrow, oblong beds by botanical family and ordered according to the classification system devised by nineteenth century botanists, Bentham and Hooker. The families represented in the Walled Garden include: Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Apocynaceae, Araceae, Aristolochiaceae, Berberidaceae, Boraginaceae, Campanulaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cistaceae, Commelinaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Crassulaceae, Cruciferae, Cyperaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Dipsacaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gentianaceae, Geraniaceae, Gramineae, Hypericaceae, Iridaceae, Juncaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Linaceae, Loasaceae, Lythraceae, Malvaceae, Onagraceae, Paeoniaceae, Papaveraceae, Phytolaccaceae, Plantaginaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polemoniaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, Primulaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Saxifragaceae, Solanaceae, Umbelliferae, Urticaceae, Verbenaceae, Violaceae.
In 1983, The National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens (NCCPG) chose Oxford Botanic Garden to cultivate the national collection of euphorbia. One of the rarest plants in the collection is Euphorbia stygiana, with only ten plants left existing in the wild. The Garden is propagating the species as quickly as possible to reduce the possibility of it becoming extinct.
- Economic beds
- Variegated plants
- Hybrids and parents
- Bearded irises
- Wall borders
The borders along the foot of the Wall contain collections that thrive in the microclimate created by the Wall. The cool east border includes ferns, Stachyurus praecox, Astrantia major, and Equisetum telmateia. The dry, shaded south border includes Jasminum nudiflorum, Hydrangea anomala petiolaris, Lonicera fragrantissima and L. x purpusii, and the unusual and rare Ercilla volubilis and Arisarum proboscoideum. The southeast border contains the bamboo collection.
The west and north borders contain plant collections grouped by their geographical origin. The Sino-Japanese collection at the southwest border includes Clerodendrum bungei. The North American collection at the west border includes Fremontodendron californicum. The European collection at the northwest border includes Cliantus puniceus. The Mediterranean collection at the north border includes Euphorbia myrsinites. The South American collection at the north border includes Acca sellowiana. The South African collection at the northeast border includes Kniphofia caulescens.
Glasshouses
- Conservatory
- Alpine House
- Fernery
- Tropical Lily House
- Orchid House
- Palm House
- Succulent House
Outside the Walled Garden
- Rock Garden
- Bog Garden
- River Bank
- Herbaceous Border
- 1648 Collection
- Glasshouse Borders
Trees
Harcourt Arboretum
Notes
External links
- [Official website]
- [Virtual tour]
- [The Friends of Oxford Botanic Garden]
- [Oxford Botanic Garden — a Gardens Guide review]
- [Oxfordshire: History of Oxford Botanic Garden]
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