Vanadium oxytrichloride
Encyclopedia : V : VA : VAN : Vanadium oxytrichloride
| Vanadium oxytrichloride | |
|---|---|
| |
| General | |
| Systematic name | Vanadium(V) oxide trichloride |
| Other names | Vanadium oxytrichloride Vanadyl chloride Vanadyl trichloride |
| Molecular formula | VOCl3 |
| SMILES | VOClClCl |
| Molar mass | 173.30 g/mol |
| Appearance | Yellow to brown liquid |
| CAS number | [7727-18-6] |
| Properties | |
| Density and phase | 1.84 g/cm3, liquid |
| Solubility in water | Decomposes |
| Other solvents | chlorinated solvents |
| Melting point | -76.5 °C |
| Boiling point | 126–127 °C (400 K) |
| Viscosity | ? cP at ? °C |
| Structure | |
| Molecular shape | Tetrahedral |
| Dipole moment | ? D |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | External MSDS |
| Main hazards | Toxic, hydrolysis to HCl |
| NFPA 704 | |
| R/S statement | R: R14 R25 R34 S: S26 S27 S28 S36/37/39 S45 |
| RTECS number | YW2975000 |
| Supplementary data page | |
| Structure and properties | n, εr, etc. |
| Thermodynamic data | Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas |
| Spectral data | UV, IR, NMR, MS |
| Related compounds | |
| Related vanadium compounds | Vanadium(V) oxide Vanadium tetrachloride Vanadium oxytrifluoride |
| Related compounds | Phosphorus oxytrichloride |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) [Chemical infoboxInfobox disclaimer and references] | |
Contents
Properties
VOCl3 is highly reactive toward water and evolves Cl2 upon standing. Although VOCl3 reacts with hydroxylic solvents (see below), it is soluble in hydrocarbons such as benzene, CH2Cl2, and hexane.In many aspects, the chemical properties of VOCl3 and POCl3 are similarly shaped molecular compounds. One distinction is that VOCl3 is a strong oxidizing agent, whereas the phosphorus compound is not.
Preparation
VOCl3 is synthesized by the chlorination of V2O5. The reaction proceeds at ca. 600 °C- :3 Cl2 + V2O5 → 2 VOCl3 + 1.5 O2
Vanadium(III) oxide can also be used as a precursor:
- :3 Cl2 + V2O3 → 2 VOCl3 + 0.5 O2
- :V2O5 + 3 SOCl2 → 2 VOCl3 + 3 SO2
Reactions
Hydrolysis and alcoholysis
Vanadium oxytrichloride quickly hydrolyzes resulting in vanadium pentoxide and hydrochloric acid. In the picture, orange V2O5 can be seen forming on the walls of the beaker. An intermediate in this process is VO2Cl:- 2 VOCl3 + 3 H2O → V2O5 + 6 HCl
- :VOCl3 + 3 ROH → VO(OR)3 + 3 HCl (R = Me, Ph, etc.)
Interconversions to other V-O-Cl compounds
VOCl3 is also used in the synthesis of VOCl2.- :V2O5 + 3 VCl3 + VOCl3 → 6 VOCl2
- :VOCl3 + Cl2O → VO2Cl + 2 Cl2
Adduct formation
VOCl3 is strongly Lewis acidic, as demonstrated by its tendency to form adducts with various bases such as MeCN and amines. In forming the adducts, vanadium changes from four-coordinate tetrahedral geometry to six-coordinate octahedral geometry:- :VOCl3 + 2 H2NEt → VOCl3(H2NEt)2
Oxidation reactions
The oxidizing power of VOCl3 is exploited in its use for the oxidative coupling of phenols as well as oxidative decarboxylations and deoxygenations.VOCl3 in alkene polymerization
VOCl3 is used as a catalyst or precatalytst in production of ethylene-propylene rubbers (EPDM).References
- H. Oppermann, "Gleichgewichte mit VOCl3, VO2Cl, VOCl2" Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, vol. 331. 113-126 (1967)
External links
- For a full list of external links to MSDSs, spectroscopic data, commercial chemicals suppliers etc. for this compound, see [Chemical sources].
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