Vanguardism
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In the context of revolutionary struggle, vanguardism is a strategy whereby an organization (usually a political party) attempts to place itself at the center of the movement, and steer it in a direction consistent with its ideology.
Often, following the overthrow of the previous order, vanguardist organizations will attempt to seize state power and use it in order to achieve its goals of reshaping society. The classic historical example of this is the Bolshevik-led October Revolution.
Vanguardism continues to be used as a political strategy by Leninist parties of just about all varieties -- Trotskyist, Stalinist and Maoist. Doing so, they fulfill the concept of the dictatorship of the proletariat, by turning from a revolutionary organization into a form of bureaucracy that dissolves when the people are sufficiently empowered to rule themselves. Although most anarchists and radical libertarians reject vanguardism as inherently authoritarian, the practices of some anarchist groups have been criticized by their peers for constituting vanguardism of the intellectual, if not organizational, variety.
Vanguardism may more generally refer to cooperation between avant-garde individuals advancing in any field. Innovative writers and artists are often described as being in the vanguard in development of new forms and styles of art.
Further reading
Arts
- Burger, Peter. Theory of the Avant-Garde. Theory & History of Literature Series. 135 pages. University of Minnesota Press, February 1, 1984. ISBN 0816610681.
- Forster, Merlin H. and K. David Jackson, compilers. Vanguardism in Latin American Literature : An Annotated Bibliographic Guide. Bibliographies and Indexes in World Literature Series. 232 pages. Greenwood Press, May 23, 1990. ISBN 0313248613.
- Bakunin, Mikhail. [Letter to Albert Richard]. August 1870. Reprinted in Bakunin on Anarchy, translated and edited by Sam Dolgoff. A. A. Knopf, 1st edition, 1972. ISBN 0394416015. Retrieved May 17, 2005.
- Mandel, Ernst. [Trotsky’s conception of self-organisation and the vanguard party]. Originally published in French in Quatrième Internationale, No.36, pp.35-49. November 1989.Translated by Mike Murray, marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for the [Marxists’ Internet Archive]. Retrieved May 24, 2005.
- Mitchell, Roxanne and Frank Weiss. [Two, Three, Many Parties of a New Type? Against the Ultra-Left Line]. Publisher: United Labor Press. 1977. Retrieved May 25, 2005.
- Slaughter, Cliff. [What is Revolutionary Leadership?]. Labour Review. Socialist Labor League. 1964?. Retrieved May 17, 2005.
- [Mythology of the White-Led "Vanguard": A Critical Look at the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA]. Anarchist People of Color website. Retrieved May 17, 2005.
- Cooper, Nick. [Critique of Revolutionary Communism ]. Belgium Indymedia. Sep. 23, 2004. Retrieved June, 3, 2005.
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