Victimology
Encyclopedia : V : VI : VIC : Victimology
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| Criminology and Penology |
|---|
| Theories |
| Anomie |
| Differential Association Theory |
| Deviance |
| Labelling Theory |
| Rational Choice Theory |
| Social Control Theory |
| Social Disorganisation Theory |
| Social Learning Theory |
| Strain Theory |
| Subcultural Theory |
| Symbolic Interactionism · Victimology |
| Types of crimes |
| Blue-collar crime · Corporate crime |
| Juvenile crime |
| Organised crime |
| Political crime · Public order crime |
| Public order case law in the U.S. |
| State crime · State-corporate crime |
| White-collar crime |
| Penology |
| Deterrence · Prison |
| Prison reform · Prisoner abuse |
| Prisoners' rights · Rehabilitation (penology)>Rehabilitation |
| Recidivism · Retributive justice>Retribution |
| Utilitarianism |
| See also: |
Victimology is the study of why certain people are victims of crime and how lifestyles affect the chances that a certain person will fall victim to a crime. The field of victimology can cover a wide number of disciplines, including sociology, psychology, criminal justice, law and advocacy.
One particularly well known example of a class at increased risk to varying forms of attacks is the "streetwalker" prostitute. These people have been known anecdotally to have an abnormally high incidence of violent crime, and for said crimes to go unresolved frequently. Victimological studies of the matter might investigate current societal mores (expectations, roles, social status), legal status of prostitutes, typical working/living conditions, statistical analysis of the actual increased risk and secondary risk factors, and the economic activity of streetwalkers.
In child sexual abuse victimology is the research paradigm, where child-adult sexuality is considered inherently abusive.
Emotional distress as the result of crime is a recurring theme for all victims of crime, the most common problem affecting three quarters of victims, were psychological problems including fear, anxiety, nervousness, self-blame, anger, shame and difficulty sleeping.Sebba, L., (1996). Third Parties, Victims and the Criminal Justice System. Ohio State University Press, Columbus. Post crime distress is also linked to pre-existing emotional problems and sociodemographic variables, this leads the elderly to be more adversely affected. Victims suffer from the following,
- Increase in the belief of personal vulnerability.
- The perception of the world as unmeaningful and incomprehensible.
- The view of themselves in a negative light.Sebba, L., (1996). Third Parties, Victims and the Criminal Justice System. Ohio State University Press, Columbus.
The study of victims is multidisciplinary. It does not just cover victims of crime, but also victims of (traffic) accidents, natural disasters, war crimes and abuse of power. The professionals involved in victimology may be scientists, practitioners and policy makers. Studying victims can be done from the perspective of the individual victim but also from an epidemiological point of view.
References
See also
External links
- [American Society of Victimology]
- [International Victimology Institute Tilburg]
- [International Victimology Website]
- [Tokiwa International Victimology Institute]
- [World Society of Victimology]
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