Voiced retroflex fricative

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IPA – number 137
IPA – text
IPA – image
Entity ʐ
X-SAMPA z`
Kirshenbaum z.

The voiced retroflex fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʐ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is z`.Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward pointing hook extending from the bottom of the symbol used for the equivalent alveolar consonant, in this case the voiced alveolar fricative which has the symbol z. The IPA symbol is thus a lowercase letter z with a rightward tail protruding from the lower right of the letter. Compare z and ʐ.

IPA – number	137
IPA – text
IPA – image
Entity	ʐ
X-SAMPA	z`
Kirshenbaum	`z.`

Features

Features of the voiced retroflex fricative:

Its manner of articulation is sibilant fricative, which means it is produced by directing air flow through a groove in the tongue at the place of articulation and directing it over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated with the tip of the tongue curled up, but more generally means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical sub-apical (curled) articulation, the tongue contact can be apical (pointed) or laminal (flat).
Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Occurs in

Mandarin Chinese, represented by the Hanyu Pinyin symbol r.
Laminal retroflex fricatives are found in Russian and Polish. In the Polish orthography, the voiced fricative is spelled ż or rz, as in może [mɔz̠ɛ] 'perhaps', or morze [mɔz̠ɛ] 'a sea'.
Apical retroflex fricatives are found in the Northwest Caucasian languages: Ubykh [ʐa] "firewood".
A common allophone of /r/ in Central Swedish; rida [ʐida] "to ride"
Exists as a voiced allophone to the voiceless retroflex fricative in Castilian Spanish when directly preceding a voiced consonant, as in the word, "mismo" [miʐmɔ] 'same'.

Voiced retroflex fricative

Features

Occurs in

See also