Voiceless palatal fricative
Encyclopedia : V : VO : VOI : Voiceless palatal fricative
| IPA – number | 138 |
| IPA – text | |
| IPA – image | 
|
| Entity | ç |
| X-SAMPA | C |
| Kirshenbaum | C |
Features
Features of the voiceless palatal fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is palatal which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised against the hard palate.
- Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
In In some dialects of English, the sequence /hj/ is sometimes realized as the voiceless palatal fricative, via coalescence, a type of assimilation. For example, human (/ˈhjumən/ might be realized as [ˈçumən]). However, there are no minimal pairs for /hj/ and /ç/, so the voiceless palatal fricative is not a separate phoneme in English.
In other languages
In Norwegian language, the sound /ç/ in written "kj" for the most time, in words like kjøkken "kichen", it is sometimes also written as "ki", in words like kirke "church".
German features the sound in words like ich [ɪç] "I" and is often referred to as ich-Laut and is generally an allophone of the /x/ when it follows a front vowel. [ç] can be found in a few words where [x] would be expected, such as Frauchen [ˈfraʊçən] "diminutive of woman", and so is marginally phonemic. See German phonology.
In Irish [ç] is written "ch" and it is used when it follows "e", "i" or when it is followed by "e" , "i".
It is called "slender ch" as opposed to its allophone "broad ch" [x] next to "a", "o", "u" or "ae".
Formerly it was written "ċ" ("c" with dot) in Gaelic typefaces.
It is used particularly at the beginning of words due to initial consonant mutation of the letter "c" [k].
In Scots Gaelic, [ç] is written "ch" and it appears in words such as oidhche (night).See also
German features the sound in words like ich [ɪç] "I" and is often referred to as ich-Laut and is generally an allophone of the /x/ when it follows a front vowel. [ç] can be found in a few words where [x] would be expected, such as Frauchen [ˈfraʊçən] "diminutive of woman", and so is marginally phonemic. See German phonology.
In Irish [ç] is written "ch" and it is used when it follows "e", "i" or when it is followed by "e" , "i".
It is called "slender ch" as opposed to its allophone "broad ch" [x] next to "a", "o", "u" or "ae".
Formerly it was written "ċ" ("c" with dot) in Gaelic typefaces.
It is used particularly at the beginning of words due to initial consonant mutation of the letter "c" [k].
In Scots Gaelic, [ç] is written "ch" and it appears in words such as oidhche (night).See also
See also
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