Voiceless pharyngeal fricative
Encyclopedia : V : VO : VOI : Voiceless pharyngeal fricative
| IPA – number | 144 |
| IPA – text | |
| IPA – image | 
|
| Entity | ħ |
| X-SAMPA | X |
| Kirshenbaum | H |
Features
Features of the voiceless pharyngeal fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is pharyngeal which means it is articulated with the root of the tongue against the pharynx
- Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- Because it is pronounced in the throat, without a component in the mouth, the central/lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
It occurs in
Galician, where it is represented by gh.
This sound is the most commonly cited realization of the Semitic letter hēth, and it occurs in most dialects of Arabic, Classical Syriac, as well as Biblical and Tiberian Hebrew. It has also been reconstructed as appearing in Ancient Egyptian, a related Afro-Asiastic language. Modern Hebrew has merged the voiceless pharyngeal fricative with the voiceless velar (or uvular) fricative.
See also
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