Wag the Dog
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Wag the Dog is a 1997 film starring Dustin Hoffman, Robert De Niro and Anne Heche about a Washington spin doctor (De Niro) who distracts the electorate from a presidential sex scandal by hiring a Hollywood producer (Hoffman) to create a fake war. The scheme enlists the musical talents of Mark Knopfler (musical producer) & Willie Nelson (who creates a theme song for the 'war'). Denis Leary, Kirsten Dunst, Woody Harrelson (as the fabricated Lieutenant Kije-like "Schumann") and William H. Macy also appear.
Wag the Dog was produced and directed by Barry Levinson. Hilary Henkin and David Mamet co-wrote the screenplay. The film is based on the novel American Hero by Larry Beinhart. In the book, the president is specifically George Herbert Walker Bush.
The film explores serious themes, such as the manipulation of the mass media and public opinion, with a comic sensibility. The film drew attention at the time for similarities to the Clinton sex scandal, although the movie also makes reference to the Persian Gulf War as an example of war used as an electoral tactic. The idea of war as a creation of the media is not, of course, original to the movie. The French postmodernist Jean Baudrillard's ideas in particular are relevant to a discussion of the movie — see for example his essay The Gulf War Did Not Take Place.
The title of the movie is taken from the joke: "Why does a dog wag its tail? Because a dog is smarter than its tail. If the tail was smarter, the tail would wag the dog." Interpretations differ as to the meaning of this metaphor. Some suggest the dog is public opinion, and the tail represents the media; the dog is the media, and the tail is political campaigns; or the dog is the people, and the tail is the government. Moreover, the expression "the tail wagging the dog" refers to any case where something of greater significance (such as a war) is driven by something lesser (such as a sex scandal).
Writing credits
Controversy surrounds the writing credits of the movie. Original drafter Henkin took the films producers to court after(director Barry)Levinson chose not to award him a screenwriting credit and threatened to quit the Writers Guild of America. According to Levinson, Mamet had never read the novel nor Henkin's script, and the only commonality between Henkin's draft and the shooting script was the premise of a make-believe war. Citing clear-cut differences between the two scripts, including the entire Hollywood-angle and the soldier left behind enemy lines in Mamet's creation, Levinson appealed the ruling, but was rebuffed. [1]Coincidence
Less than a month after the movie was released, President Bill Clinton was embroiled in a sex scandal arising from his relationship with Monica Lewinsky. Over the course of 1998 and early 1999, as the scandal dominated American politics, the US engaged in three military options: Operation Desert Fox, a three-day bombing campaign in Iraq that took place as the U.S. House of Representatives debated articles of impeachment against Clinton; Operation Infinite Reach, a pair of missile strikes against suspected terrorist targets in Sudan and Afghanistan just three days after Clinton admitted in a [nationally televised address] that he had an inappropriate relationship with Lewinsky; and Operation Allied Force, a months-long NATO bombing campaign against Serbia that began just weeks after Clinton was acquitted in his Senate impeachment trial. Critics, including Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott, charged that the former operation was an attempt to distract attention from the Lewinsky scandal, and Serb state television went so far as to broadcast Wag The Dog in the midst of NATO attacks on Serbia. The video cassette version of the film contains an extended feature after the credits that has commentary about the movie in the context of the Lewinsky scandal by the producers of the movie and Tom Brokaw. Similar accusations may have led to the curtailment of operations against terrorist training camps in Afghanistan on August 20, known as Operation Infinite Reach, 3 days after Clinton admitted to a Grand Jury he had had improper relations with Lewinsky. This would end up being the major reaction to the bombing of the United States' embassies in Africa, as other preemptive actions against Osama bin Laden would be politically impossible for Clinton.Music
The film featured many songs created entirely for the fictitious campaign waged by the protagonists: "Good Old Shoe", "We Guard Our American Borders" and "The Men Of The 303" are but salient examples. Strangely, none of these pieces made it onto the soundtrack which was released on CD: it featured only Knopfler's instrumentals. In light of the popularity of the pieces, the soundtrack received overwhelmingly negative responses from buyers who expected the songs to appear on the soundtrack as a matter of course and considered the excision wholly unjustified.See also
- Astroturfing, a controversial public relations practice depicted in the film
- Canadian Bacon, a film about an American war started for similar reasons
External links
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