Walter Gilbert
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Walter Gilbert (born March 21, 1932) is an American physicist, biochemist, entrepreneur, and molecular biology pioneer. He was awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Frederick Sanger. Gilbert and Sanger were recognized for their pioneering work in devising methods for determining the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid. Walter Gilbert also first proposed the term RNA world hypothesis for the origin of life, for a concept first proposed by Carl Woese in 1967. He is a co-founder of the biotech start-up company Biogen and was the first chairman on the board of directors.
He was born in Boston, Massachusetts and educated at Harvard University and the University of Cambridge, later joining the faculty at Harvard. His approach to the first synthesis of insulin lost out to Genentech's approach which used genes built up from the nucleotides rather than from natural sources.
Walter Gilbert is currently the chairman of the Harvard Society of Fellows.
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1902: E.Fischer
1903: Arrhenius
1904: Ramsay
1905: von Baeyer
1906: Moissan
1907: Buchner
1908: Rutherford
1909: Ostwald
1910: Wallach
1911: Curie
1912: Grignard, Sabatier
1913: Werner
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1915: Willstätter
1918: Haber
1920: Nernst
1921: Soddy
1922: Aston
1923: Pregl
1925: Zsigmondy
1926: Svedberg
1927: Wieland
1928: Windaus
1929: Harden, von Euler‑Chelpin
1930: H.Fischer
1931: Bosch, Bergius
1932: Langmuir
1934: Urey
1935: F.Joliot‑Curie, I.Joliot‑Curie
1936: Debye
1937: Haworth, Karrer
1938: Kuhn
| width="" align="" valign="" style="padding-left:;"| 1939: Butenandt, Ružička
1943: de Hevesy
1944: Hahn
1945: Virtanen
1946: Sumner, Northrop, Stanley
1947: Robinson
1948: Tiselius
1949: Giauque
1950: Diels, Alder
1951: McMillan, Seaborg
1952: Martin, Synge
1953: Staudinger
1954: Pauling
1955: du Vigneaud
1956: Hinshelwood, Semyonov
1957: Todd
1958: Sanger
1959: Heyrovský
1960: Libby
1961: Calvin
1962: Perutz, Kendrew
1963: Ziegler, Natta
1964: Hodgkin
1965: Woodward
1966: Mulliken
1967: Eigen, Norrish, Porter
1968: Onsager
1969: Barton, Hassel
1970: Leloir
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1972: Anfinsen, Moore, Stein
1973: E.O.Fischer, Wilkinson
| width="" align="" valign="" style="padding-left:;"| 1974: Flory
1975: Cornforth, Prelog
1976: Lipscomb
1977: Prigogine
1978: Mitchell
1979: Brown, Wittig
1980: Berg, Gilbert, Sanger
1981: Fukui, Hoffmann
1982: Klug
1983: Taube
1984: Merrifield
1985: Hauptman, Karle
1986: Herschbach, Lee, Polanyi
1987: Cram, Lehn, Pedersen
1988: Deisenhofer, Huber, Michel
1989: Altman, Cech
1990: Corey
1991: Ernst
1992: Marcus
1993: Mullis, Smith
1994: Olah
1995: Crutzen, Molina, Rowland
1996: Curl, Kroto, Smalley
1997: Boyer, Walker, Skou
1998: Kohn, Pople
1999: Zewail
2000: Heeger, MacDiarmid, Shirakawa
2001: Knowles, Noyori, Sharpless
2002: Fenn, Tanaka, Wüthrich
2003: Agre, MacKinnon
2004: Ciechanover, Hershko, Rose
2005: Grubbs, Schrock, Chauvin
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