Z notation
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The Z notation (universally pronounced zed, named after Zermelo-Fränkel set theory) is a formal specification language used for describing and modelling computing systems. It is targeted at the clear specification of computer programs and the formulation of proofs about the intended program behavior.
Z was developed by the Programming Research Group at Oxford University in the late 1970s and is based on the standard mathematical notation used in axiomatic set theory, lambda calculus, and first-order predicate logic. All expressions in Z notation are typed, thereby avoiding some of the paradoxes of naive set theory. Z contains a standardized catalog (called the mathematical toolkit) of commonly used mathematical functions and predicates.
Although Z notation uses many non-ASCII symbols, the specification includes suggestions for rendering the Z notation symbols in ASCII and in LaTeX.
A valuable resource for newcomers interested in learning Z is [The Z Notation: a reference manual].
Z notation was used in the IBM CICS project.
Standards
The ISO completed a Z standardization effort in 2002. This standard, entitled Information Technology – Z Formal Specification Notation – Syntax, Type System and Semantics, ISO/IEC 13568:2002, can be obtained directly from ISO.
[13568_2002.zip], 1 MB PDF, 196 pages
See also
- Z++
- Object-Z
- Z User Group (ZUG)
- Community Z Tools (CZT) project
- Formal methods
- B-Method
External links
- [The Z Notation: a reference manual]
- [Jonathan Bowen's The Z notation]
- [Specification proposals by Ian Toyn]
- [Suppliers of the ISO formal specification]
- [Community Z Tools (CZT) project]
- [ZETA open-source system for development software specifications in Z]
- [Mike Spivey's Fuzz Type-Checker for Z]
- [Using Z: Specification, Refinement, and Proof (Include a PDF book)]
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